When conducted properly, insitu burning significantly reduces the amount of oil on the water and minimizes the adverse effect of the oil on the environment. The company voluntarily compensated more than 11,000 alaskans and. File in this july 6, 2011, file photo, cleanup workers use oil absorbent materials along side the yellowstone river in laurel, mont. Oil spills occur nearly daily since the late 90s, galveston bay has averaged 285 spills a year yet the spills occur frequently enough to raise concerns about the health of the bay, which provides. It was, and still is, the largest oil spill in united states waters. Prince william sound is a region rich in biological diversity, and the oil spill has caused ecological harm. Exxonmobil oil spill dispersant guidelines coastal response. Apr, 2011 published online april 2011 nature 472, 152154 2011 doi. Workshop to determine the scope of an experimental oil spill in. Aug 30, 2010 on april 20, 2010, a british petroleum bp offshore oil rig exploded, killing 11 workers on the rig and spilling tens of thousands of barrels of crude oil into the gulf of mexico. The arthur kill oil spill is typical of many nrda cases. An oil tanker, the exxon valdez, hit a reef in prince william sound, alaska. Its been almost 30 years since the catastrophic exxon valdez oil spill, and now its being used as a powerful research tool to evaluate other spills around the world. At the time of the disaster, the ship carried 53,094,510 u.
Exxon valdez oil spill trustee council 2009 status report. This happened as the worldwide trade of petroleum and gas products increased. The size andor location of such spills often make a fullblown damage assessment inefficient because the assessment itself could cost more than the damage. Nontraditional response and emergency restoration projects hosted by the department of the interior, office of environmental policy and compliance may 17. Exxonmobil acknowledges the services of employees and contractors who helped make this field. Approximately 11 million gallons of crude oil were spilled covering an area of 460 miles from bligh reef to the village of chignik, impacting 1,300 miles of alaskan coastline and killing countless animals. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get. The state of alaskas conservative estimate of 30 million gallons should be used when referring to the exxon valdez oil spill volume. As oil disasters go, the 1989 exxon valdez grounding and the 2010 deepwater horizon blowout were about as different as two spills could be. On may 1st, 2010, a ruptured exxonmobil pipeline in the state of akwa ibom, nigeria, spilled. An oil spill alone rarely changes the basic geophysical appearance and shape of the mangrove ecosystem. Aug 16, 2011 the spills wont eclipse the bp oil spill, which sent 4. Included in the trade statistics is the trade of lng, lpg, naphtha, gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, light oil, heavy fuel oil and others, according to the source unctad.
An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. Currents, winds, and tides carried these surface oil slicks to the gulf states, fouling 1,300 miles of. Oil spills are potentially the most destructive pollution source impacting beaches and marshes. Deepwater horizon bp gulf of mexico oil spill us epa. The april 20, 2010, oil spill that followed the explosion of the mobile offshore drilling unit, deepwater horizon, was the largest in united states history. Ingratefulrecognitionofyearsofservicetothe petroleumindustrythroughtirelesseffortsto improveresponsetechnologyandminimize environmentalimpacts,thiseditionofthe. In 1989, the exxon valdez tanker ran aground and released 10. The term is usually given to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but spills may also occur on land.
These droplets can also form a secondary slick or thin film on the surface of the water. Final report of the presidents national commission on the bp. Oil leaks from oil transport pipes, boats, and oil wells. More buoyant oil traveled up through about a mile of water column and formed large surface slicks. Exxon never accounted for the water in the cargo of its three tankers. Federal register exxon valdez oil spill public advisory. Pdf oil spill problems and management in the niger delta. Exxon valdez oil spill on the abundance and distribution of birds in prince william sound, alaska. The stateoftheart and major knowledge gaps in oil spill behavior and potential. The gulf of mexico oil spill set records for its size and depth. The exxon valdez oil spill was a manmade disaster that occurred when exxon valdez, an oil tanker owned by the exxon shipping company, spilled 11 million gallons of crude oil into alaskas prince. This edition reflects significant change in presentation format versus earlier editions. The gulf study will help determine if oil spills, and exposure to crude oil and dispersants, affect physical and mental health. The deepwater horizon oil spill also referred to as the bp oil spill, oil leak, or oil disaster.
Exxon corporations publicity materials brochures, newsletters, and booklets on cleanup. With longstanding investments in technology coupled with the ingenuity of our people, we are well positioned to continue to responsibly meet the demands of a more prosperous world while managing environmental impacts. Exxonmobil oil spill dispersant guidelines this guidance document is intended for use by exxonmobil employees and contractors who are trained in the use of oil spill dispersants. Oil spills in or on soils have the potential to release benzene to the environment when a precipitation event carries dissolved benzene to groundwater sources. The exxon valdez oil spill trustee council evostc is one of the eight. The oil it spilled caused a large environmental disaster. The information presented has been selected from many sources as of august 2007 and condensed to present concise recommendations that reflect. Healed though still scarred, the gulf of mexico has demonstrated a remarkable recovery since the. Five years after worst environmental disaster in us history, how bad was it really. Students will be aware of the dangers of oil spills and will be able to explain why oil spills have such a devastating effect on the environment. Insurance catastrophe lossinsurance catastrophe loss. Some are large, like the spills of exxon valdez and deepwater horizon, but others are small and easily contained.
When a spill occurs it is best to minimize the spread of the oil slick and remove as much of the oil as possible at the site of the spill. Exxon valdez oil spill disaster timeline and history of the litigation date description of event 032489 exxonvaldez runs aground shortly after midnight. This spill was also the first spill of national significancea spill so complex that it required extraordinary. At the time, it was the largest spill in american waters, and it occurred in one of the most beautiful places in the world. Impacts and management of oil spill pollution along the. The exxon valdez oil spill public advisory committee was created by paragraph v. Discusses restoration plans mostly for wildlife, but addresses commercial fishing, recreation, tourism, and subsistence as well. Ultimately, the macondo well was finally sealed on september 19, 2010, nearly five months after the blowout began. House of representatives, one hundred twelfth congress, first session, wednesday, january 26, 2011. In 1989, the exxon valdez oil spill contaminated about 1,500 miles of alaskas coastline.
Lessons from the exxon valdez oil spill the new york times. Bps deepwater horizon oil well, located 5,000 feet below the oceans surface, leaked 5 million barrels 205. Sea otter treatment records seward otter rescue center files documenting the care of oiled sea otters in 1989, including daily observation logs, diet and medical treatment. Oil flowed into the gulf of mexico unchecked for months. Similarly, the lempertkeeneseastrand oil spill prevention and response ospr act of 1991 established the oil spill response program in california and directed the administrator of ospr to develop a research program designed to examine the effects of oil and oil spill response technologies on the environment.
To report a spill of oil, chemicals or other substance, please call us on the. Pdf lessons from the exxon valdez oil spill disaster in. In the event of a spill of oil or hazardous and noxious substance chemical. Volume of oil spilled, 1990 a twovolume set of documents containing information about the. This field manual is intended for use by responders at an oil spill.
Final santa clara river exxonmobil oil spill natural. Effects of the exxon valdez oil spill on habitat use by. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page. The incident has both shortterm and longterm implications. Jun 01, 2010 bps clumsy response to oil spill threatens to make a bad situation worse. Yellowstone river oil spill july 2011 montana department.
Proceedings of the exxon valdez oil spill symposium. The exxon valdez oil spill occurred in prince william sound, alaska, march 24, 1989, when exxon valdez, an oil tanker owned by exxon shipping company, bound for long beach, california, struck prince william sounds bligh reef, 1. Glenn olds hall conference room, 4210 university drive, anchorage, alaska. In light of this evidence, exxon s selfreported spill volume of 11 million gallons is incorrect. Researchers are studying a range of problems, including breathing and blood pressure issues, skin conditions, selfreported symptoms, and. Witnesses testified about the response efforts to the gulf of mexico oil spill forllowing a catastrophic explosion on the oil rig, deepwater horizon. In order to ensure that the individuals involved in the remediation of oil spills are not put at risk of covid19 infection, spdc, after due consultation with relevant government regulators is currently restricting its oil spill response activities to only those sites where containment and recovery of oil from new. Need the seriousness of the disaster of the gulf of mexico demonstrates the. This is a reversechronological list of oil spills that have occurred throughout the world and spill s that are currently ongoing. We conducted post spill surveys during midsummer 19891991 in 10 bays that had been surveyed prior to the spill 19841985 and that had experienced different levels of initial oiling from the spill unoiled to heavily oiled.
The environmental impact analyst will take the lead in that effort with technical input from the project engineer. Deepwater horizon oil spill lessons learned workshop. Health effects of oil spills and implications for public. Exxon scientists have been critical of some of the results of the governmentsponsored research and viceversa. Exxon valdez oil spill simple english wikipedia, the. On the land the oil spills are usually restricted and their impact can be eliminated quite easily compared to marine oil spills. Causes, consequences, prevention, and countermeasures. Exxon and the control of oil journal of american history. The exxon valdez was an oil tanker that ran aground at the alaska coast. We previously reported on the effects of the oil spill on the community structure and habitat. The exxon valdez oil spill was a shipping accident that happened off the coast of the united states on march 24, 1989. Exxonmobil oil spill response field manual coastal response.
Approximately 11 million gallons of crude oil were spilled covering an area of 460 miles from bligh reef to the village of chignik, impacting 1,300 miles of alaskan coastline and killing countless animals with. Exxonmobil has a proven record of successfully meeting societys evolving demand for energy. Delayed efforts to contain the spill and naturally strong winds and waves. Diagram showing the transport of oil to groundwater following a spill. Pdf the coastal area of the niger delta is the home to oil explorations and exploitations in nigeria. By volume of oil spilled date spill name location size of spill an estimated 5,000 barrels, or 210,000 gallons, a day of oil are flowing into the gulf of mexico after the explosion, fire and sinking of bps deepwater horizon oil rig tons january 1991 gulf war oil spill persian gulf 1,500,000. Quantities are measured in tonnes of crude oil with one tonne roughly equal to 308 us gallons, 256 imperial gallons, 7. Oil spill compensation 4 fundamental features of the compensation conventions as shown in the diagram on page 2, the 1992 clc, the 1992 fund convention convention and the supplementary fund create a twotier system of compensation, with the owner of the tanker from which the oil is spilled being legally liable for the. Oig1442 the uscgs oversight of recommendations from. The term oil spill is sometimes used to refer to marine oil spills where there is a release of oil into the ocean, coastal waters or any other water body.
The ceo of exxonmobil has even stated under oath the oil industry is not well equipped to respond to oil spills in deep water. The spill had occurred at an exxon platform some 2025 miles 3240 km offshore which feeds the qua iboe oil export terminal. Preparation for oil spills needs to take into consideration the large number of variables that will affect how the oil will interact with the environment in which it is spilled. The lingering of oil from the 1989 exxon valdez oil spill evos in. Breaking news, politics, online news, world news, feature stories, celebrity interviews and more abc news. It killed birds, mammals, and fish, and disrupted the ecosystem in the path of the oil. Map of the kenai peninsula, alaska, showing locations of study bays sampled in 19891991, after the exxon valdez oil spill. Exxon mobil declared force majeure on qua iboe oil shipments due to the pipeline damage. Bp oil spill deepwater horizon description of the event and epas responserole on april 20, 2010 transocean ltds deepwater horizon oil rig licensed to bp, operating 42 miles southeast of venice, louisiana in 5,000 feet of water, exploded and caught fire, killing 11 workers. Exxonmobil oil spill response field manual is dedicated to all the exxonmobil. Get the latest updates on noaas current oil spill responses at incidentnews. On may 1st, 2010, a ruptured exxonmobil pipeline in the state of akwa ibom, nigeria, spilled more than a million gallons into the delta.
Epa informed exxon on july 26 that it would support a proposal by the company to use bioremediation to aid in cleaning up the oil spilled from the exxon valdez in prince william sound. Exxon valdez oil spill resources alaska state archives. Deepwater horizon oil spill are essentially the same ones that exxon was using to respond to the exxon valdez spill twenty years ago. Exxon valdez oil spill evos parks habitat restoration. Exxon valdez oil spill, massive oil spill that occurred on march 24, 1989, in prince william sound, an inlet in the gulf of alaska, alaska, u. Alaskan communities affected by the exxon valdez spill. In 1998, 40,000 barrels of oil from mobil platform off the akwa ibom coast were spilt into the environment causing severe damage to the coastal environment. May 09, 2020 new study shows deepwater horizon oil spill larger than previously thought. Spdcs oil spill response strategy during the current covid19 crisis. Bioremediation of exxon valdez oil spill about epa us epa. Bps clumsy response to oil spill threatens to make a bad. Both, large oil spills and medium sized oil spills 7700 tonnes are decreasing.
Oil spill trustee council evostc is one of the eight founding partners of the alaska resources library and information services arlis and has entrusted arlis with its extensive collection of materials on the. The 100% asadvertised plans will be packaged with bid documents. Cumulatively over the course of the spill, oil was detected on over 43,300 square miles of the ocean, an area about the size of virginia. Click download or read online button to get proceedings of the exxon valdez oil spill symposium book now. Some of the biggest and most publicized spills include the 1989 exxon valdez oil spill, the 1979 ixtoc i spill, the 1991 arabian gulf spill, and the 2010 deepwater horizon spill.
Evaporation occurs when the lighter or more volatile substances within the oil mixture become vapors and. Chief executive tony haywards comments have done little to aid attempts at damage limitation. On april 20, 2010, the oil drilling rig deepwater horizon, operating in the macondo prospect in the gulf of mexico, exploded and sank resulting in the death of 11 workers on the deepwater horizon and the largest spill of oil in the history of marine oil drilling operations. The department of the interior, office of the secretary is announcing a public meeting of the exxon valdez oil spill evos trustee councils public advisory committee. Yellowstone river oil spill july 2011 history of the spill on july 1, 2011, a 12inch diameter pipeline silvertip pipeline owned by exxonmobil pipeline company ruptured near laurel, montana, resulting in the discharge of crude oil into the yellowstone river and surrounding floodplain. A cleanup worker gathers oil on the shore of the texas city dike, march 24, 2014, in response to the oil spill that occurred march 22, after a bulk carrier and a barge collided in the houston ship channel near texas city, texas. In addition, between 1997 and 2001, nigeria also recorded a total number of 2,097 oil spill incidents. For this reason, restoration after an oil spill may be easier than after an event that substantially changed tidal elevation or hydrology or decimated mangrove trees. Study of the spill s effects continues, and government officials are making as complete an assessment as possible of potential reopener claims. In these instances using the transfer methodology to estimate the damage is more efficient. The incident happened after an exxon corporation tanker, the exxon valdez, ran aground on bligh reef during a voyage from valdez, alaska, to california. Mobilisation fact file 2016 1 o i l s p i l l r e s p o n s e m o b i l i s a t i o n f a c t f i l e 2 0 1 6 introduction oil spill response limited osrl is the largest international industry funded cooperative which exists to respond to oil spills wherever in the world they may occur, by providing preparedness, response and intervention services. The 1989 valdez accident was one of the lowest points in exxonmobil s long history. The grounding ripped the bottom of the singlehulled vessel, resulting in the rupture of 11 of the vessels crude oil tanks and the release of nearly 11 million gallons of crude oil into the environment.
Title final report of the presidents national commission on the bp deepwater horizon oil spill and offshore drilling. Nov 19, 2002 bp oil spill in gulf of mexico wont hurt national economy. In a letter to exxon, epa provided information that would support the use of bioremediation as a cleanup technique for the valdez oil spill. Exxon valdez oil spill evos parks habitat restoration and protection fy2021 request.